Kimiyyar halittu
Daga irin wannan mafari mai sauƙi, kyawawan siffofi masu ban al'ajabi marasa iyaka sun samo asali kuma suna ci gaba da samuwa.
— (1859)
Wani model ya cire kusan duk hanyoyin tsufa da ke ƙaruwa a hankali. Somatic mutations har yanzu sun kawo ƙarshen gwajin tunani
Model ɗin ba ya cewa mutane za su iya rayuwa zuwa shekaru 194. Yana daskarar da background mortality a matakin shekara 30, yana cire kusan duk sauran progressive aging mechanisms, sannan ya tambayi lokacin da mutation-driven cell loss a modeled tissues huɗu zai haifar da failure. Manyan lambobin conditional outputs ne na model, ba shekarun da ake iya kaiwa a zahiri ko treatment forecasts ba.
Maƙabartar whale a teku mai zurfi tarihi ne na shekaru miliyan biyar
Wata maƙalar Nature ta ruwaito babban tarin gawarwaki da burbushin whale a Yankin Diamantina na kudu maso gabashin Tekun Indiya: al'ummun halittu biyar na zamani a gawar whale, ɗaruruwan ragowar burbushin cetacean, da shekarun isotope na strontium da suka koma kusan miliyan 5.3. Abin ban mamaki ba wai whale sun zaɓi wurin mutuwa ba ne, ko kuma bala'i guda ɗaya ya yi maƙabarta. Hujjar tana nuna tarihi mai zurfi da daɗewa wanda mutuwar whale ta yau da kullum, gawarwakin da ke nutsewa, wahalar neman abinci ta whale masu baki, fasalin ƙasan teku da adanawa na musamman suka gina. Yana buɗe tagar da ba kasafai ake samu ba zuwa tsarin halittun gawar whale a teku mai zurfi; ba ya nufin an riga an zana ko fahimci teku mai zurfi.
Rikodin burbushin New Mexico ya sa babin ƙarshe na dinosaur ya fi rikitarwa
Wani bincike a Science ya sake tantance shekarun Naashoibito Member a New Mexico zuwa ‘yan dubban shekaru ɗari na ƙarshe kafin tasirin asteroid. Wannan yana da muhimmanci domin mafi yawan ingantacciyar shaidar dinosaur na ƙarshen Cretaceous ta fito ne daga arewa. Sabon rikodin kudu yana nuna cewa yammacin Arewacin Amurka har yanzu yana da fauna na dinosaur masu bambanci daga yanki zuwa yanki kusa da ƙarshen, maimakon wata ƙungiya guda iri ɗaya da ke dusashewa. Ba ya tabbatar cewa duk ecosystems na dinosaur a duniya suna bunƙasa har tasirin; yana nuna yadda rikodin fossil na yanki zai iya sa labarin duniya ya zama mai santsi fiye da gaskiya.
Zebra finches suna ɗaukar calls a matsayin categories masu ma'ana — amma wannan ba daidai yake da language ba
Wani bincike a Science ya gwada ko zebra finches suna jin calls daban kawai ne ko kuma suna tsara nasu vocal repertoire zuwa categories da ke ɗauke da behavioral meaning. A laboratory discrimination tasks, tsuntsayen sun koyi duk call-types 11, sun generalize categories zuwa sabbin vocalizers, kuma sun yi systematic errors tsakanin calls da ake amfani da su a makamantan contexts fiye da abin da acoustic similarity kaɗai zai yi hasashe. Wannan strong evidence ne ga categorical perception da operational kind of meaning. Ba shaida ba ce cewa finches suna da human-like language, syntax, open-ended words, ko wata hanyar conversation da mutane.
Synthetic cell da ke feed, grow da divide — serious step, amma ba life built from scratch ba
University of Minnesota team ta report fatty droplet carrying ~90,000-base genome da ke feed, copy DNA, grow da divide across five generations, tare da introduced beneficial mutation spreading by selection. Genuine advance ne a building cells from defined purified parts. Amma ba peer-reviewed ba; ba zai make own protein machinery ko run own metabolism ba; parts purified biological molecules ne, ba simple chemicals assembled from scratch ba; kuma — a authors own words — selection ba spontaneous Darwinian evolution ba. Clean version ba “first living cell built from non-living matter” ba ne.
Giant Cretaceous octopuses wataƙila sun kasance top predators — amma evidence yana farawa da jaws, ba sea monsters ba
Wani paper a Science ya sake nazarin manyan Cretaceous cephalopod jaws kuma ya yi hujjar cewa species biyu na Nanaimoteuthis early finned octopuses ne, tare da body-size estimates da suka kai several meters kuma possibly har 18.6 m. Heavy jaw wear yana suggest hard-prey crushing; asymmetric wear na iya hint lateralized behavior. Spectacular fossil story ne, amma clean version ba “kraken ya kasance real” ba ne: reconstruction ne daga jaws, wear patterns, taxonomy da scaling.
Sabuwar family ta RNA-guided DNA-targeting systems — daban da CRISPR, kuma ba gene-editing tool ba tukuna
Ta binciken microbial genomes, researchers sun gano TIGR-Tas, previously unknown family na RNA-guided systems da ke cut DNA — da two-part guide kuma ba PAM landing site kamar CRISPR. Sun nuna version ɗaya programmable ne a human cells amma low efficiency, kuma structure ta nuna deep evolutionary links zuwa sauran RNA-guided machines. Real expansion ne na RNA-guided biology da possible starting point ga future tools — basic-science discovery da proof of concept, ba mature gene editor ko therapy ba.
Berayen da aka sauya sun gaji jure Lyme kuma suka daina ba ƙaska cutar — tabbacin ra'ayi na dakin gwaje-gwaje, ba sakin daji ba
Masu bincike sun saka gene na antibody mai yaƙar Lyme cikin berayen gida, suka riƙa gadonsa tsara da dama; lokacin da ƙaska masu cuta suka cije su, har masu kwafi ɗaya sun jure kamuwa kuma kusan sun daina ba sabbin ƙaska bakteriyar. Tabbacin ka'ida ne na “rigakafin da ake gada” ga jinsin ma'ajiya — a beran gida na dakin gwaje-gwaje, ba beran fararen ƙafa na daji da yake yaɗa Lyme ba, ba tare da sakin fili ba, yayin da batun halittu, doka da ɗabi'a har yanzu buɗe suke. Ba gene drive ba ne, kuma ba “an warware Lyme” ba.